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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Activating the Anaphase Promoting Complex to Enhance Genomic Stability and Prolong Lifespan.

Troy A A Harkness1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. troy.harkness@usask.ca.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Genomic instability is a hallmark of aging cells, impacting longevity. The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) links stress/nutrient responses to genomic stability and lifespan, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Anaphase Promoting Complexcancerhuman cell culturelifespanyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Genomic instability, characterized by DNA mutations and epigenetic deregulation, is a critical factor in age-related diseases.
  • Understanding the onset of aging and maintaining optimal repair mechanisms are crucial for enhancing longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between stress/nutrient response networks and genomic stability regulation.
  • To explore the role of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) in linking these networks and determining lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) and its role in cellular aging.
  • Analysis of the connection between stress/nutrient response pathways and genomic maintenance.

Main Results:

  • The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) maintains genomic stability, mounts stress responses, and extends longevity in yeast.
  • APC activity is inhibited by glucose and nutrient response factors, highlighting its link to metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanisms connecting stress/nutrient responses and genomic stability are key determinants of lifespan.
  • The APC is a potential key regulator linking these networks and influencing longevity.