Cerebrovascular accidents associated with hip fractures: morbidity and mortality-5-year survival

Area of Science:

• Geriatric Medicine
• Neurosurgery
• Cardiology

Background:

• Hip fractures are linked to a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) within the first year after surgery.
• Limited long-term data exists on CVA occurrence and mortality following hip fracture.
• This study aimed to identify risk factors for CVA and track mortality in hip fracture patients with over two years of follow-up.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify risk factors associated with cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) after hip fracture.
• To evaluate long-term mortality rates in patients who have experienced a hip fracture.
• To establish a comprehensive understanding of post-hip fracture CVA and survival outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective analysis comparing the past medical history of hip fracture patients with long-term survival and CVA occurrence.
• Data on medical history, surgical interventions, CVA events, and mortality were extracted from an electronic medical record system.
• Statistical significance was determined using a p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.

Main Results:

• The study included 2,195 patients with a mean follow-up of 5 years.
• 5.01% of patients (110) were diagnosed with post-fracture CVA, with 41 occurring in the first year and 55 between years 1-5.
• Hypertension (HTN), atrial fibrillation (AF), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were significant risk factors for CVA (ORs ranging from 1.66 to 1.885, p<0.05).
• Median survival was shorter for patients with CVA (51.12 months) compared to those without (59.60 months, p=0.033).

Conclusions:

• Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus are identified as significant risk factors for CVA post-hip fracture.
• A substantial number of CVAs occur between the first and fifth year after hip fracture surgery.
• CVA occurrence is a negative prognostic indicator for patient survival following hip fracture.