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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Microbiota, Obesity and NAFLD.

Louis H S Lau1, Sunny H Wong2

  • 1Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to gut microbiota changes. Modifying gut bacteria may offer new strategies for managing NAFLD patients and related metabolic conditions.

Keywords:
Energy harvestFatty liverGut permeabilityInsulin resistanceIntestinal inflammationMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern.
  • NAFLD shares associations with obesity and metabolic syndrome, including gut microbiota alterations.
  • Pathophysiology involves intestinal inflammation, permeability, energy harvest, fermentation, and insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, obesity, and NAFLD.
  • To explore the biological pathways connecting these conditions.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota for NAFLD management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on gut microbiota, obesity, and NAFLD.
  • Analysis of studies detailing pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in gut microbiota composition and function are observed in NAFLD.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to inflammation, impaired gut barrier, and insulin resistance.
  • These changes impact energy metabolism and fermentation processes.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of NAFLD.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for NAFLD treatment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific microbial targets and interventions.