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Related Concept Videos

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin Subdiffusion in the Disordered Hubbard Chain.

Maciej Kozarzewski1, Peter Prelovšek2,3, Marcin Mierzejewski4

  • 1Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.

Physical Review Letters
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found that in disordered one-dimensional systems, localized charges allow delocalized spins to move diffusively. This spin transport is governed by random interactions, with key factors being electron density and localization length.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Disordered Systems

Background:

  • The behavior of electrons and spins in disordered materials is complex.
  • Understanding spin dynamics is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an effective spin model for anomalous spin dynamics.
  • To explain subdiffusive spin transport in the 1D Hubbard model with disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an effective spin model.
  • Analysis of charge localization and spin delocalization.
  • Investigating the role of random spin exchange interactions.

Main Results:

  • Spins are delocalized despite charge localization.
  • Subdiffusive spin transport arises from singular random spin exchange interactions.
  • The subdiffusion exponent depends on Anderson localization length and electron density.

Conclusions:

  • The derived spin model effectively explains anomalous spin dynamics.
  • The findings hold for low particle densities and show qualitative agreement up to half filling.