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Is High Altitude a Risk Factor in Development of Herpes Zoster?

G K Singh1, Mahendra Singh Deora2, Rajan Grewal3

  • 11 Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital Kirkee , Affiliated to AFMC, Pune, India .

High Altitude Medicine & Biology
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

High altitude increases the risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) for lowlanders. This study found a sevenfold higher risk for those working at high altitudes compared to plains.

Keywords:
herpes zosterhigh altitudehighlanderslowlanders

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Area of Science:

  • High-altitude medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Herpes zoster (HZ) risk is known to increase with old age and immune-compromised states.
  • The study investigated if relocating to high altitudes increases HZ risk in lowlanders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if high altitude is a risk factor for herpes zoster development in lowlanders.
  • To compare HZ incidence in lowlanders at high altitude versus those at plains and native highlanders.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 173 herpes zoster cases from January 2005 to December 2010.
  • Data from lowlanders working at high altitude (Leh) were compared with high-altitude natives and a control group at plains.

Main Results:

  • Herpes zoster accounted for 2.36% of skin OPD cases at high altitude versus 0.23% at plains.
  • Lowlanders at high altitude had a mean HZ frequency of 3.07%, significantly higher than the 0.23% at plains.
  • High altitude exposure presented an odds ratio of 7.21 for developing HZ, indicating a statistically significant sevenfold increased risk (p <0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Lowlanders working at high altitudes face a substantially elevated risk of developing herpes zoster.
  • Further large-scale, population-based studies are recommended to confirm and establish this association.