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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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Work Done on a System by External Force01:11

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The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Ultra-broadband tunable single- and double-mode InAs/InP quantum dot external-cavity laser emitting around 1.65  μm.

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    This study presents an ultra-wide tunable quantum dot (QD) external-cavity (EC) laser. The device achieves broad single-mode tuning up to 230 nm and wide dual-mode spacing of 100 nm.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Quantum Dot Technology

    Background:

    • Quantum dot (QD) lasers offer unique optical properties for tunable laser applications.
    • External-cavity (EC) lasers provide wavelength tunability but often face limitations in tuning range.
    • Achieving ultra-wide tuning in single- and dual-mode operation is crucial for advanced photonic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate an ultra-wide tunable single- and double-mode InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) external-cavity (EC) laser.
    • To investigate the impact of QD material gain and facet coatings on tuning range.
    • To achieve significant mode spacing in dual-mode operation for frequency control.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) laser.
    • Integration into an external-cavity (EC) laser setup in a Littrow configuration.
    • Application of anti-reflection/high-reflection facet coatings.
    • Characterization of tuning range under constant and varied pulsed injection currents.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an ultra-wide single-mode tuning range of 190 nm under constant pulsed current.
    • Extended the single-mode tunable range to 230 nm by varying bias currents.
    • Demonstrated dual-mode operation with a mode spacing as wide as 100 nm (approx. 11 THz frequency difference).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed QD-EC laser exhibits unprecedented ultra-wide tuning capabilities.
    • The combination of QD gain and optimized facet coatings is effective for enhancing laser performance.
    • The device shows potential for applications requiring broad wavelength tunability and wide frequency differences.