Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 24, 2019
Sex Differences in Traditional and Nontraditional Risk Factors for Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Stable
Hack-Lyoung Kim1, Myung-A Kim1, Sohee Oh2
11 Division of Cardiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.
Insights
Coronary artery disease risk factors differ by sex in stable chest pain patients. Men with CAD showed high C-reactive protein (CRP), while women had lower e' velocity indicating diastolic dysfunction.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exists on sex-specific risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients presenting with stable chest pain.
- Investigating these differences is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if risk factors for CAD vary between men and women with stable chest pain.
- To identify independent predictors of obstructive CAD in both sexes.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide registry enrolled 1025 patients with suspected CAD undergoing elective invasive coronary angiography.
- Patients were analyzed for obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) and associated risk factors, with multivariable analysis performed for independent predictors.
Main Results:
- Obstructive CAD was present in 36.4% of patients (33.8% men, 38.3% women).
- In men, high C-reactive protein (CRP) was an independent predictor of CAD (OR, 2.93).
- In women, lower e' velocity, indicative of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, was an independent predictor of CAD (OR, 2.38).
Conclusions:
- Sex-specific risk factors for obstructive CAD in stable chest pain patients were identified.
- Inflammation (high CRP) is linked to CAD in men, while left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (lower e' velocity) is linked in women.
Background:
There have been limited data on sex-specific risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with stable chest pain. This study was performed to investigate whether risk factors for CAD differ by sex in stable symptomatic patients.
Methods:
Data were obtained from a nation-wide registry, enrolling 1025 patients (age, 62.0 ± 11.0 years, 587 women) with chest pain who underwent elective invasive coronary angiography under the suspicion of CAD.
Results:
A total of 373 patients (36.4%) had obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) (men vs. women: 33.8% vs. 38.3%, p = 0.135). In men, univariate analyses showed that age, renal function, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), left ventricular (LV) systolic function, and septal annular velocity of LV (e') were significantly associated with the presence of obstructive CAD. Among these factors, a high CRP level (≥0.50 mg/dL) was an independent predictor of CAD in multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR], 2.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-6.82; p = 0.012). In women, univariate analyses showed that age, waist circumference, heart rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LV systolic function, LV mass index, e' velocity, E/e', and left atrial size were significantly associated with the presence of obstructive CAD. Among these factors, lower e' velocity (<6.35 cm/s) was an independent predictor of CAD in multivariable analysis (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.21-4.70; p = 0.012).
Conclusions:
Among patients with stable chest pain, inflammation and LV diastolic dysfunction are independently associated with obstructive CAD in men and women, respectively.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
01:26Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology
01:27Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care
01:30Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...