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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Quantitative dynamic analysis of the nasolabial complex using 3D motion capture: A normative data set.

C J Lowney1, T-C Hsung2, D O Morris1

  • 1School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|July 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents novel dynamic data on facial movements during maximal smiles in adult males and females. The findings reveal differences in landmark displacement and speed, offering normative data for smile reanimation procedures.

Keywords:
3D motion capture4DAdultDynamicNormalStereophotogrammetry

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • Smile reanimation requires understanding dynamic facial movement.
  • Normative dynamic data for maximal smiles is currently lacking.
  • Restoring natural facial dynamics is crucial for successful interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze maximal smile dynamics in healthy Caucasian adults.
  • To compare facial landmark movements between males and females.
  • To establish normative data for smile reanimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D facial motion capture system (4D stereophotogrammetry).
  • Imaged 54 males and 54 females performing maximal smiles.
  • Tracked eight nasolabial landmarks, analyzing displacement and speed in x, y, and z directions.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited greater displacement in the left alar base and left philtrum.
  • Significant differences in landmark movement (cheilion, labiale superius, labiale inferius) were observed between sexes.
  • Provided normative data on the magnitude and speed of nasolabial complex movements.

Conclusions:

  • Presented a novel dataset of dynamic nasolabial complex movement during maximal smiles.
  • The data includes magnitudes of displacement and speeds of movement for males and females.
  • This normative data is essential for dynamic smile reanimation considerations.