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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Vision science

Background:

  • Previous research suggested monochromatic vision in scorpionflies (Panorpa) based on limited opsin identification.
  • Opsins are crucial proteins for light detection and vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate opsin gene expression in a wider range of scorpionfly (Mecoptera) and flea (Siphonaptera) species.
  • To re-evaluate the hypothesis of monochromatic vision in Panorpa.
  • To infer the ancestral opsin repertoire of Antliophora (Diptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera).

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome data analysis from 21 scorpionfly species and 3 flea species.
  • Identification and characterization of visual opsin genes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to infer ancestral opsin presence.

Main Results:

  • Most mecopteran species possess transcripts encoding multiple visual opsins (green, blue, UV).
  • Reduced opsin diversity was observed in species with absent or reduced ocelli.
  • A Rh7-like opsin was identified in Nannochorista larvae and two flea species.
  • Peropsin expression was detected in two mecopteran species.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis of monochromatic vision in Panorpa is questioned.
  • The common ancestor of Antliophora likely possessed a full set of visual opsins, plus Rh7-like and peropsins.
  • Opsin gene loss occurred in various lineages within Antliophora during evolution.