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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography Using 64-Copper as a Tracer for the Study of Copper-Related Disorders
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Copper deficiency anemia: review article.

Zin W Myint1,2, Thein H Oo3, Kyaw Z Thein4

  • 1Division of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. zin.myint@uky.edu.

Annals of Hematology
|July 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Copper is essential for organ function and metabolic processes. Copper deficiency, increasing in prevalence, affects hematopoiesis and the nervous system, with varying reversibility upon supplementation.

Keywords:
AnemiaCopperGastric-by-passMyelodysplastic anemiaNeuropathyOptic diseaseZinc

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Copper is a vital micronutrient essential for numerous metabolic processes, including hemoglobin synthesis, neurotransmission, and cellular respiration.
  • Factors contributing to copper deficiency are increasing, impacting both animal and human health.
  • Copper absorption involves the Ctr1 transporter and excretion via ATP7A, while zinc absorption shares some pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology and related diseases associated with copper deficiency.
  • To detail diagnostic methods for copper deficiency.
  • To outline treatment strategies and their efficacy in reversing clinical manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on copper metabolism and deficiency.
  • Explanation of the molecular mechanisms of copper transport (Ctr1 and ATP7A).
  • Discussion of clinical manifestations and diagnostic markers (serum copper, ceruloplasmin, urine copper).

Main Results:

  • Copper deficiency impacts critical physiological systems, including bone marrow hematopoiesis, optic nerve, and the central nervous system.
  • Diagnosis relies on specific biochemical markers.
  • Treatment with copper supplementation can reverse hematological issues but only partially restore neurological function.

Conclusions:

  • Copper deficiency presents with significant hematological and neurological consequences.
  • Early diagnosis and timely copper supplementation are crucial for managing the condition.
  • While hematological manifestations are reversible, neurological deficits may persist despite treatment.