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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles: Therapeutic Potential.

Chintan H Kapadia1, Jilian R Melamed1, Emily S Day2,3,4

  • 1Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.

Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy
|July 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanoparticle-based delivery systems with unique structures. These versatile tools show promise for therapeutic applications, including gene regulation and drug delivery, with ongoing clinical translation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are highly organized nucleic acid structures on nanoparticle cores.
  • SNAs offer advantages like low toxicity, minimal immune response, and barrier penetration for therapeutic delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the unique structures and properties of SNAs.
  • To discuss SNA applications in gene regulation, immunomodulation, and drug/protein delivery.
  • To summarize clinical translation efforts and future challenges for SNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of SNA structure and properties.
  • Analysis of SNA applications in various therapeutic areas.
  • Summary of current clinical translation status and expert opinion.

Main Results:

  • SNAs exhibit unique structural and polyvalent properties.
  • SNAs demonstrate efficacy in transfecting diverse cell types and crossing biological barriers.
  • SNAs are versatile for delivering nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins.

Conclusions:

  • SNAs are promising nanocarriers for diverse therapeutic applications.
  • Further research and clinical translation are advancing SNA-based therapies.
  • Addressing remaining challenges is crucial for successful clinical implementation of SNAs.