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Related Concept Videos

Normal Distribution01:11

Normal Distribution

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The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is...
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Normal Stress01:19

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Normal stress is a type of stress that occurs when forces act perpendicular, or normal, to a material's cross-sectional area. This stress often arises in structures when subjected to axial loading, which is the application of force along the axis of an object. A practical example of this can be found in bridge truss members.
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
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Applications of Normal Distribution01:22

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The normal distribution is a useful statistical tool. One of its practical applications is determining the door height after considering the normal distribution of heights of persons, such that many can pass through it easily without striking their heads. The normal distribution can also determine the probability of a person having a height less than a specific height.
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Introduction to Normal Distributions01:29

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Standardized test scores often follow a symmetric distribution that can be modeled with the normal distribution, a fundamental concept in statistics. This distribution is particularly useful for interpreting test performance fairly across populations, as it provides a mathematical framework for understanding variability and central tendency in large datasets.From Histogram to Frequency DistributionRaw test data are often displayed using histograms, where the height of each bar represents the...
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When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Ex vivo Mimicry of Normal and Abnormal Human Hematopoiesis
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Normal Human Thyrocytes in Culture.

Sarah J Morgan1, Susanne Neumann1, Marvin C Gershengorn2

  • 1Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a primary culture protocol for normal human thyrocytes, enabling functional studies. These cultured cells maintain key characteristics for multiple doublings, aiding research into thyroid cell signaling pathways.

Keywords:
Collagenase type IVIGF-1Insulin-like growth factor 1Mono-dispersed cellsNormal human thyrocytesPrimary culturesTSHThyrocyte differentiationThyrotropin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Thyroid Research

Background:

  • Understanding normal human thyrocyte function is crucial for thyroid research.
  • Previous methods for isolating and culturing these cells have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reliable protocol for primary culture of normal human thyrocytes.
  • To enable functional studies of thyrocytes in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Thyroid tissue from surgical resections was processed under sterile conditions.
  • Cells were minced, digested with collagenase type IV, and cultured in DMEM with FBS.
  • Adherent cells were propagated, with antibiotics added to the culture medium.

Main Results:

  • A reproducible protocol for primary human thyrocyte culture was established.
  • Cultured thyrocytes exhibited a proliferation doubling time of 72-94 hours.
  • Cells maintained functional characteristics for 9-12 doublings.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol provides a viable method for obtaining functional normal human thyrocytes in primary culture.
  • This system facilitates research into thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling.