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MicroRNAs in Marchantia polymorpha.

Shih-Shun Lin1, John L Bowman2

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Marchantia polymorpha possesses ancient RNA silencing pathways, with most microRNAs (miRNAs) evolving uniquely. This study identifies conserved and novel miRNA targets, offering insights into plant gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Gene regulation
  • Small RNA pathways

Background:

  • Marchantia polymorpha holds a key phylogenetic position for studying land plant gene regulation.
  • RNA silencing pathways, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial for gene regulation in plants.
  • These pathways, involving miRNAs, trans-acting siRNAs, and heterochromatic siRNAs, are conserved in ancestral land plants like M. polymorpha.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and evolution of small RNA pathways, particularly miRNAs, in Marchantia polymorpha.
  • To identify conserved and lineage-specific miRNAs and their targets in M. polymorpha.
  • To explore the application of artificial miRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9 for studying miRNA biology in M. polymorpha.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics to identify genes for RNA silencing machinery.
  • Omics approaches for miRNA prediction and target identification.
  • Analysis of Mpo-miR390-mediated tasiRNA biogenesis and potential targets.
  • Application of artificial miRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies.

Main Results:

  • Essential components of small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways are present in M. polymorpha, indicating their ancestral nature.
  • Only seven miRNAs are conserved across land plants, with M. polymorpha exhibiting both conserved and novel targets.
  • Most miRNAs in M. polymorpha show lineage-specific evolution, with limited evidence of presence in algae.
  • Specific examples like Mpo-miR390-mediated MpTAS3 tasiRNA biogenesis and MpARF2 targets were investigated.

Conclusions:

  • RNA silencing pathways, including those involving miRNAs, were established early in land plant evolution.
  • M. polymorpha provides a model system to study the evolution of plant-specific miRNAs and their regulatory roles.
  • Advanced genetic tools like artificial miRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9 are valuable for dissecting miRNA function in M. polymorpha.