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Overweight and obese children with sleep disordered breathing have elevated arterial stiffness

Lisa M Walter1, Knarik Tamanyan1, Albert P Limawan1

  • 1The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.

Sleep Medicine
|July 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Obese children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) show increased arterial stiffness and central systolic blood pressure. Early treatment of obesity and SDB is crucial to prevent future cardiovascular disease in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are rising concerns in children.
  • Both conditions are independent cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Arterial stiffness, indicated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) are early markers of cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess arterial stiffness (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) in children with SDB.
  • To compare these cardiovascular markers between overweight/obese children with SDB, normal-weight children with SDB, and healthy non-snoring controls.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 3-18 years with SDB (overweight/obese or normal weight) and normal-weight non-snoring controls were included.
  • Overnight polysomnography was used to diagnose SDB.
  • PWV was measured using photoplethysmography, and cSBP was measured using applanation tonometry in children over 8 years old.

Main Results:

  • Overweight/obese children with SDB exhibited significantly higher PWV compared to normal-weight SDB children and controls.
  • Normal-weight children with SDB also showed higher PWV than controls.
  • Overweight/obese children with SDB had elevated cSBP compared to both normal-weight SDB children and controls.

Conclusions:

  • Overweight/obesity exacerbates the cardiovascular effects of SDB in children.
  • Early intervention for obesity and SDB is essential to mitigate long-term cardiovascular disease risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
CardiovascularObstructive sleep apnoeaPediatric

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