Hydatid disease (Echinococcus) of the central nervous system

Hydatid disease of the central nervous system is rare and comprises about 2-3% of all the hydatid cyst cases reported in the world. Spinal hydatid is still rare. It is endemic in sheep and cattle-raising regions, seen mainly in Mediterranean countries including Turkey and Syria. Pediatric neurosurgeons in nonendemic countries face a challenge when they are encountered with hydatid cyst of the central nervous system due to lack of awareness and diagnostic dilemmas. It is also a mammoth economic problem in developing countries due to improper hygiene and lack of dedicated veterinary practice. The clinical features are largely nonspecific. However, with the advent of MR imaging, the diagnostic accuracy has increased. Intact removal of the cyst without causing any spillage is the goal and key to cure. In this manuscript, the current literature on hydatid cyst of the brain and spine is reviewed to understand the epidemiological, diagnostic accuracy and advances in therapeutics. A heightened clinical suspicion about hydatid disease, role of MR imaging and improving surgical strategies is discussed. A nationwide prevention of the disease is the ultimate goal.