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Construct validation of the health belief model
K M Cummings1, A M Jette, I M Rosenstock
1Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109.
Health Education Monographs
|January 1, 1978
Summary
This study validated the Health Belief Model using a multitrait-multimethod approach. Findings show questionnaire items effectively measure health beliefs, informing tailored health communication strategies.
Area of Science:
- Health Psychology
- Behavioral Science
- Health Communication
Background:
- The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a widely used framework for understanding health behaviors.
- Assessing the construct validity of HBM components is crucial for its effective application.
- Previous research has not fully established the psychometric properties of HBM constructs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the construct validity of key Health Belief Model variables.
- To determine the reliability and validity of different measurement methods for HBM constructs.
- To inform the development of brief, effective scales for health belief assessment.
Main Methods:
- A multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design was utilized.
- Data were collected from 85 graduate students using Likert scales, multiple-choice items, and vignettes.
- Measures assessed perceptions of health interest, locus of control, susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers related to influenza vaccination.
Main Results:
- Convergent validity was substantial for Likert and multiple-choice measures of HBM variables.
- Discriminant validity indicated distinct perceptions of barriers/benefits versus susceptibility/severity.
- A strong negative correlation between perceived benefits and barriers suggests they may represent a single continuum.
Conclusions:
- The Health Belief Model variables can be reliably measured using standard questionnaire formats.
- Findings support the development of concise HBM scales for needs assessment in diverse populations.
- Tailored health messages and programs can be developed based on assessed health beliefs.