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Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements during silkworm domestication.

Min-Jin Han1, Hong-En Xu2, Xiao-Min Xiong3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs) expanded and fixed in domesticated silkworms, unlike wild populations. This suggests weaker purifying selection and offers insights into domestication and genetic improvement strategies.

Keywords:
DomesticationEvolutionary dynamicsSilkwormTransposable elementsWeak selection

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences with significant roles in genome evolution.
  • While TE dynamics are studied in model organisms, their role in domesticated species remains under-investigated.
  • Understanding TE population dynamics is crucial for comprehending domestication processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the population dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) during silkworm (Bombyx mori) domestication.
  • To compare TE distribution and evolutionary pressures between domesticated and wild silkworm populations.

Main Methods:

  • Transposon-display technique to analyze TE polymorphism in four domesticated and one wild silkworm population.
  • Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis to estimate selection pressure on TEs.
  • Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and DISTRUCT for population differentiation and structure.

Main Results:

  • Significant genetic differentiation observed between domesticated and wild silkworm populations.
  • TEs showed expansion and fixation in domesticated silkworms, but not in wild counterparts.
  • Purifying selection on TEs was significantly weaker in domesticated silkworms compared to wild ones.
  • A specific insertion (BmMITE-2) was identified, potentially reducing polymorphism in the COQ7 gene's flanking regions.

Conclusions:

  • TE expansion and fixation in domesticated silkworms are likely driven by demographic factors and artificial selection during domestication.
  • These findings have broad implications for genetic improvement in crops and animals, and for the domestication of new species.