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Culture, bathing and hydrotherapy in labor: An exploratory descriptive pilot study.

Rebecca Benfield1, Margaret M Heitkemper2, Edward R Newton3

  • 1College of Nursing, Health Sciences Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.

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Women use bathing for relaxation and pain relief during pregnancy and labor. Cultural beliefs about bathing are uncommon, suggesting it is a personal self-care practice passed down through generations.

Keywords:
CultureDysmenorrheaHydrotherapyImmersionPainParturition

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Area of Science:

  • Women's Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Hydrotherapy Research

Background:

  • Bathing, or hydrotherapy, is commonly used during labor to reduce anxiety, pain, and promote relaxation.
  • The influence of cultural beliefs on the practice of bathing by parturients remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore pregnant women's experiences with bathing.
  • To investigate the use of bathing during labor.
  • To examine cultural beliefs associated with bathing among pregnant women.

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory, descriptive pilot study design.
  • Involved 41 healthy pregnant women (all ethnicities) at >37 weeks gestation from low-risk obstetrical clinics.
  • Data collected via open-ended questionnaires and modified ethnographic methods, including observation, note-taking, thematic analysis, and quantification of response rates.

Main Results:

  • 46% of women used bathing for non-hygiene purposes, but only 4.9% bathed during previous labor.
  • Women described bathing as relaxing, easing, calming, and effective for menstrual cramps and labor contractions.
  • Only 10% of women reported cultural beliefs about bathing.

Conclusions:

  • Bathing provides relief from anxiety, menstrual, and labor pain, promoting mental and physical relaxation.
  • Findings suggest bathing is a self-care measure, likely transmitted orally by female elders, rather than being tied to specific cultural beliefs.
  • Assumptions about race or ethnicity influencing bathing practices may be inaccurate; caution advised for pregnant women under 37 weeks gestation regarding bathing for pain relief.