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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
Published on: April 17, 2021
Renal-limited Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: Two Case Reports
Naoya Toriu1, Naoki Sawa1, Masahiko Oguro1
1Nephrology Center, Toranomon Hospital, Japan.
Abstract:
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) presents with systemic manifestations, including renal disease, arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, and muscle weakness. We encountered two patients who developed severe nephrotic range proteinuria; however, extrarenal manifestations were not noted during the clinical course. A renal biopsy revealed typical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with huge thrombus-like endothelial deposits and predominant IgM positivity, but electron microscopy did not reveal any definite microtubules. Immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis were only partially effective, and the improvement was not durable. Biological therapy with rituximab (RTX) had no effect. Renal-limited CV should be recognized as a subset of essential CV.
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