Effects of Ultrasonic Debridement on Oral Hygiene Status

The aim of this randomized-controlled, single-blinded study was to compare the effects of mechanical tooth cleaning (MTC) and ultrasonic debridement (UD) on oral hygiene status in healthy young adults. Thirty-seven participants (mean age: 20.3±0.62 years) were divided into 3 groups after pre-examination: group A, receiving MTC; B, receiving MTC+UD using a universal insert (UDUI); and C, receiving MTC+UD using a probe-shaped insert (UDPI). All participants were required to abstain from oral hygiene for 24 hours after the allocated intervention, after which they were examined. A masked examiner determined the Quigley-Hein plaque index (PlI) and Silness and Löe gingival index (GI) scores before the interventions and after 24 hours of non-brushing. A significant increase in the PlI score was observed in group A (p<0.001) in comparison with that in group B (A: 0.311±0.26; B: -0.01±0.33; C: 0.13±0.27; p<0.05). A significant decrease in the GI score was observed in groups B and C (p<0.05), and the change in this score in group C significantly differed from that in group A or B (A: -0.04±0.25; B: -0.13±0.17; C: -0.33±0.2; p<0.05). Only MTC was insufficient to prevent plaque formation over a 24-hour period of non-brushing and decrease the GI score. Ultrasonic debridement was more effective in preventing plaque formation and decreasing the GI score, regardless of the type of insert used. The present results suggest that UD should be included as an important procedure in the provision of professional oral prophylaxis and that UDPI is as efficient for cleaning as UDUI.