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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
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Responsive brain stimulation in epilepsy.

Alendia Hartshorn1, Barbara Jobst2

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Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
|July 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review compares responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagal nerve stimulation (AspireSR 106), and deep brain stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy. These devices offer alternatives for patients unsuitable for surgery.

Keywords:
deep brain stimulationepilepsynerve stimulationresponsive neurostimulationseizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Drug-resistant epilepsy affects patients ineligible for surgery.
  • Current treatments include responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS).
  • Responsive devices are activated by physiological or electrographic seizure markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various stimulation devices for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and applications of RNS, VNS, and DBS.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these modalities in intractable epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epilepsy stimulation devices.
  • Comparison of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) with vagal nerve stimulator (AspireSR 106).
  • Discussion of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is activated by electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns at the seizure focus.
  • AspireSR 106 (VNS) is responsive to tachycardia in addition to basal stimulation.
  • Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus shows comparable response rates to RNS.

Conclusions:

  • Stimulation devices provide therapeutic options for drug-resistant epilepsy patients not candidates for surgery.
  • Responsive neurostimulation and deep brain stimulation offer promising outcomes.
  • Further research into chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation is warranted.