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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...
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The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor
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Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor

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Surgical hand antisepsis: experimental study.

Aldo Izaguirre1, Arantza Govela1, Ismael Delgado1

  • 1Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Mexico.

Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
|July 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A combination of ethyl alcohol 61% and chlorhexidine gluconate 1% proved more effective for surgical hand antisepsis than traditional agents. This finding is crucial for reducing nosocomial infections and improving patient safety.

Keywords:
AntisepsisInfection control

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Area of Science:

  • Infection Control
  • Surgical Hygiene
  • Antimicrobial Efficacy

Background:

  • Nosocomial infections are a major global healthcare concern, significantly impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
  • Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common type of nosocomial infection, highlighting the critical role of effective surgical antisepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of three different hand antisepsis protocols in reducing microbial contamination.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel antiseptic combination against traditional agents for surgical hand preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Ten volunteers underwent three hand antisepsis protocols: chloroxylenol 3%, benzalkonium chloride 1%, and ethyl alcohol 61% with 1% chlorhexidine gluconate.
  • Hand cultures were taken before and after each protocol, with colony-forming units (CFUs) quantified.
  • Statistical analysis, including Friedman test and Bonferroni correction, was used to compare antiseptic efficacy.

Main Results:

  • The ethyl alcohol and chlorhexidine gluconate combination demonstrated significantly higher efficacy, reducing CFUs to near zero (0.0 ± 0.0) at both time points (P < 0.001).
  • Chloroxylenol and benzalkonium chloride showed considerably lower efficacy, with higher CFU counts observed.
  • No adverse events were reported by participants across all protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Ethyl alcohol 61% combined with 1% chlorhexidine gluconate is a highly effective hand antiseptic for surgical settings.
  • This combination offers superior microbial reduction compared to traditional antiseptics, potentially lowering the risk of surgical site infections.