Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional biomaterials for cell fate regulation

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Cellular interaction with biomaterials is crucial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
• Material properties dictate cellular behaviors such as self-renewal, differentiation, reprogramming, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation.
• Engineered biomaterials with micro/nano-structures mimic cellular niches and extracellular matrix (ECM) functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review biomaterial fabrication and classification (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D).
• To discuss the impact of various biomaterials on inducing specific cellular behaviors.
• To identify current research limitations and future perspectives in the field.

Main Methods:

• Classification of biomaterials into dimensional categories (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D).
• Review of literature on biomaterial-ECM interactions and cellular responses.
• Analysis of how different biomaterial dimensions influence cell fate.

Main Results:

• Biomaterials, categorized by dimension, significantly influence cell self-renewal, differentiation, reprogramming, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation.
• Micro- and nano-structured biomaterials offer tunable platforms for controlling cellular behavior.
• Progress in 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D biomaterials demonstrates diverse control over cell fate.

Conclusions:

• Biomaterial design is critical for directing cellular responses in tissue engineering.
• Further research into biomaterial-ECM interactions can unlock new regenerative medicine strategies.
• Addressing current limitations will pave the way for advanced therapeutic applications.