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Related Concept Videos

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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Composite Bodies00:55

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A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
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Composition of Blood01:22

Composition of Blood

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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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[Extensive Green Roof Substrate Composition Based on Sludge Recycling].

Qing-Ran Shen1, Tian Li1, Yi Cao1

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|July 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study found that stable anaerobic sludge significantly boosts plant growth. Adding water treatment residual and rice husk charcoal effectively controls nutrient leaching, meeting environmental standards for green roof applications.

Keywords:
anaerobic digested sludgeartificial rainfalleffluent qualityextensive green roofsponge citysubstrate

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Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Resource utilization of anaerobic sludge in green roofs presents challenges with nutrient (N, P) leaching.
  • Investigating sludge composition is crucial for sustainable green roof systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal anaerobic sludge composition for green roof substrates.
  • To assess nutrient leaching and effluent quality from sludge-amended substrates.
  • To evaluate the impact of additives on nutrient retention and plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Artificial rainfall simulation (650 mm) on green roof substrates amended with anaerobic sludge.
  • Analysis of effluent quality (TP, TN, NO3--N, SS, COD) and substrate nutrient content.
  • Comparison of treatments with and without water treatment residual and rice husk charcoal.

Main Results:

  • Anaerobic sludge increased plant biomass by 808% but caused significant TP leaching.
  • Water treatment residual reduced TP leaching by 68.66% without hindering P uptake.
  • Rice husk charcoal decreased NO3--N leaching by 28.86%, with higher charcoal amounts improving control.
  • SS and COD levels rapidly stabilized, with COD below 30 mg·L−1, meeting surface water standards.

Conclusions:

  • Stable anaerobic sludge is beneficial for plant growth in green roofs.
  • Water treatment residual and rice husk charcoal are effective amendments for mitigating nutrient leaching.
  • Optimized sludge application ensures nutrient retention for over a year, supporting long-term plant needs.