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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
Published on: March 28, 2015
[Effect of Water Treatment Process on the Bacterial Multidrug Resistance in Drinking Water]
Xiao-Lin Ma1, Yang Lu1, Yu Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Abstract:
The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in contamination of antibiotics and genes encoding multidrug resistance in some water sources in China. Antibiotics and the antibiotic resistance genes may cause severe hazards to human health via drinking water. Cultivable bacteria in one of the water supply systems in Shanghai were isolated and identified. The multidrug resistance in drinking water for cultivable bacteria and their change and mechanism in water supply system was analyzed using ampicillin (Amp), kanamycin (Kan), rifampicin (Rif), chloramphenicol (Cm) and streptomycin (Str). The results showed that, the isolated microorganisms mainly belonged to 16 genera. Bacillus sp., Arcicella rosea sp. and Sphingomonas sp. existed in the whole process. The multidrug resistances of these three bacteria were enhanced after flowing carbon filtration and water distribution system. Bacillus sp. showed the strongest antibiotic resistance. Real-time PCR was used to quantitatively evaluate the concentration of three integrons and 9 transposons in the water supply system. The results showed that, after BAC filtration and water distribution system, the absolute concentrations of mobile genetic elements increased obviously, which meant that BAC filtration and water distribution system played an important role in influencing antibiotic resistance in the water treatment process.
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