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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
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[Conversion Pathways of Substrates in Sulfate-Reducing Ammonia Oxidation System].

De-Qing Wanyan1,2, Yong Huang1,2, Zhen Bi1,2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|July 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Simultaneous ammonium and sulfate transformation is not ANAMMOX-mediated. Ammonium oxidation results from micro-oxygen environments, while sulfate reduction stems from microbial decay, clarifying previous research doubts.

Keywords:
ANAMMOXmicro oxygen environmentsimultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfatesulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidationsulfate-reducing ammonia oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Wastewater treatment

Background:

  • Simultaneous ammonium and sulfate transformation is a noted phenomenon.
  • Previous studies reported issues and uncertainties regarding this process.
  • ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria are often implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate ammonium and sulfate synchronous transformation characteristics.
  • Clarify the role of ANAMMOX culture in the transformation process.
  • Resolve discrepancies in existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR) inoculated with ANAMMOX culture.
  • Conducted experiments under oxygen-removed, non-filling, and filled sealed batch reactor conditions.
  • Analyzed elemental composition and monitored oxidation-reduction potential (ORP).

Main Results:

  • In an unfilled reactor, NH4+-N conversion was 50.8 mg·L−1 and sulfate-sulfur was 4.5 mg·L−1.
  • Observed yellow solids were iron compounds, not elemental sulfur.
  • In a filled reactor, only sulfate transformed significantly, influenced by inoculation biomass; ammonium showed no change.
  • ORP differed significantly between reactor conditions.
  • Ammonium and sulfate transformations were independent processes.

Conclusions:

  • The synchronous transformation is likely not ANAMMOX-mediated with sulfate as the electron acceptor.
  • Ammonium oxidation is linked to micro-oxygen conditions from reactor operation.
  • Sulfate conversion is attributed to heterotrophic sulfate reduction from microbial decay.
  • This study clarifies previous research problems and doubts regarding ammonium and sulfate transformation.