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[Correlations Between Substrate Structure and Microbial Community in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands].

Zhen-Ling Li1, Yan-Li Ding1, Shao-Yuan Bai1,2

  • 1Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
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PubMed
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Multilayer substrate structures in constructed wetlands significantly enhance pollutant removal efficiency by promoting beneficial microbial communities. This study highlights the importance of substrate design for optimizing wastewater treatment performance.

Keywords:
PCAconstructed wetlandshigh throughputmicrobial communitysubstrate structure

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for wastewater treatment.
  • Substrate structure is a key factor influencing CW performance.
  • Microbial communities play a crucial role in pollutant degradation within CWs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between substrate structure and microbial community composition in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCWs).
  • To identify microbial factors responsible for performance variations in HSSFCWs with different substrate designs.
  • To correlate substrate structure with purification efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N).

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze microbial community composition.
  • Three HSSFCWs with distinct substrate structures (monolayer and multilayer) were compared.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and heatmap analysis were used to assess microbial spatial distribution and community structure.

Main Results:

  • The six-layer constructed wetland (CW6) with gradually increasing permeability exhibited the highest purification performance, significantly reducing COD, TN, NO3--N, and NH4+-N concentrations in the effluent.
  • The monolayer constructed wetland (CW1) showed the lowest purifying efficiency.
  • Multilayer structures harbored a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and nitrifying/denitrifying bacteria compared to the monolayer structure, despite having slightly fewer microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs).
  • Significant spatial distribution differences in Proteobacteria were observed in CW3 and CW6, correlating with enhanced pollutant degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate structure critically influences microbial community composition and function in HSSFCWs.
  • Multilayer substrate designs, particularly those with optimized permeability gradients, foster microbial communities that significantly improve wastewater purification.
  • Targeting specific microbial groups like Proteobacteria through substrate engineering offers a promising strategy for enhancing constructed wetland efficiency.