Hematological Malignancies Associated With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

Primary Immunodeficiency disorders (PID) have been increasingly recognized in association with hematologic malignancies. To better appreciate this association, a systemic search of the Ovid MEDLINE database was performed with terms related of hematologic malignancies and all PID described in the 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee for Primary Immunodeficiency. More than 60 PID distinct PID, caused by cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms were associated with diverse hematologic malignancies. These occurred among all subgroups of PID, including syndromic and non-syndromic combined PID affecting cellular and humoral immunity, predominantly antibody deficiencies and defects of immune regulation. In addition, defects in phagocyte numbers or functions, or in innate immunity were associated with hematologic malignancies. Increased awareness and vigilance for the possibility of malignancy is required when caring for patients with PID.