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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Preparation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrodes for Chronic Implantation in Rats
Published on: July 14, 2020
Vagal Nerve Stimulator Lead Revision Using Needle-Tip Cautery: Case Series, Literature Review, and Technical Note
Vyacheslav Makler1, Erin D'Agostino2, David F Bauer1
1Section of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon.
Background:
Vagal nerve stimulators (VNs) have been in use in the United States since the 1990s as a palliative treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy. Over time, the electrode coils wrapped around the vagus nerve become encapsulated by extensive scar tissue, making complete electrode removal challenging. We present a case series of lead revision surgeries with a unique way to remove the scar tissue around the vagus nerve, demonstrating a technique for complete electrode removal.
Methods:
This was a case series of 9 consecutive patients who underwent complete removal of an existing VNs electrode using needle tip monopolar electrocautery.
Results:
Complete removal of the entire VNs electrode array was achieved in all patients with no permanent complications seen at postoperative follow-up at 3 months.
Conclusions:
Complete VNs electrode array removal can be safely achieved by using needle tip monopolar electrocautery.
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