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Sinking particles promote vertical connectivity in the ocean microbiome.

Mireia Mestre1, Clara Ruiz-González2, Ramiro Logares2,3

  • 1Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; mireia@icm.csic.es msala@icm.csic.es.

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Sinking organic particles transport microbes, connecting surface and deep ocean prokaryotic diversity. Larger particles act as key vectors, influencing deep-sea microbial community structure and biogeography.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Oceanography
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Organic particles sinking from the photic zone are crucial for deep-ocean carbon export.
  • Microbial colonization of sinking particles is extensive, but their role in vertical microbial diversity transfer is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vertical connectivity of marine prokaryotic communities.
  • To determine if sinking particles facilitate the transfer of prokaryotic diversity from surface to deep ocean layers.

Main Methods:

  • Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize prokaryotic communities.
  • Analysis focused on five size fractions of sinking particles across various ocean depths (surface to 4,000 m).
  • Sampling was conducted at eight stations in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans during the Malaspina 2010 Expedition.

Main Results:

  • Abundant deep-ocean prokaryotes were also found in surface waters, indicating vertical connectivity.
  • The largest particle size fractions exhibited the highest taxonomic similarity throughout the water column, suggesting their role as primary vectors.
  • Free-living prokaryotic communities showed greater vertical isolation compared to particle-attached communities.

Conclusions:

  • Sinking particles, particularly larger ones, act as significant vectors for transferring viable surface microbes to the deep sea.
  • Surface particle colonization processes influence the composition and biogeography of bathypelagic communities.
  • Sinking particles play a considerable role in structuring deep-ocean microbial communities and their biogeography.