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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
356
Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

1.0K
Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

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Visualizing aggregate movement in cities.

Michael Batty1

  • 1Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA), University College London, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TJ, UK m.batty@ucl.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding human movement patterns is key to grasping urban evolution. New models predict aggregated flows, linking human activity, networks, and urban change for better city planning.

Keywords:
cities and settlementsflowsinteractionsmovementsubway systemstransport networks

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Area of Science:

  • Urban studies
  • Network science
  • Spatial analysis

Background:

  • Traditional urban studies often prioritize static location and place.
  • A deeper understanding of urban dynamics requires analyzing human movement at aggregate scales.
  • Emergent patterns in urban networks and flow systems are crucial for comprehending city evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new framework for understanding urban change through human movement and flow systems.
  • To introduce generic models for predicting aggregated social and economic activity flows.
  • To highlight the role of visualization and spatial interaction models in analyzing urban flows.

Main Methods:

  • Development of generic models based on discrete choice theory and gravitational analogies.
  • Application of spatial interaction models to analyze urban transit flows (e.g., London Underground).
  • Scaling models from micro-level (minutes/hours) to macro-level (national home-to-work flows).

Main Results:

  • Models successfully predict aggregated flows across various social and economic activities.
  • Analysis of London Underground data reveals high-frequency urban transit patterns.
  • National-scale analysis demonstrates how commuting flows define settlements.

Conclusions:

  • Urban activities are synthesized from aggregate movements, necessitating a focus on flows and networks.
  • Generic spatial interaction models offer a powerful tool for understanding urban dynamics at multiple scales.
  • Complementary approaches, including disaggregate studies, are essential for a holistic view of urban flow systems.