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Related Concept Videos

Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Metallic supercurrent field-effect transistor.

Giorgio De Simoni1, Federico Paolucci1, Paolo Solinas2

  • 1NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.

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|July 4, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists demonstrate field-effect control over supercurrent in metallic superconductors. An applied electrostatic field can tune and even quench the supercurrent in devices made of titanium and aluminum, paving the way for new superconducting electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The London brothers predicted electrostatic field suppression within superconductors.
  • Previous experiments hinted at electrostatic field perturbations, but control was not demonstrated.
  • Metallic superconductors have not been manipulated via the field effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate field-effect control of supercurrent in all-metallic superconductors.
  • To investigate the behavior of supercurrent under varying electrostatic fields.
  • To explore potential applications in superconducting electronics and quantum information.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of all-metallic field-effect transistors using Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconducting thin films (titanium and aluminum).
  • Measurement of critical current response to applied gate voltages at low temperatures.
  • Investigation of the field effect persistence under varying temperatures and magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated monotonic decay and total quenching of critical current with increasing electrostatic fields (up to ±40 V) in titanium-based devices.
  • Observed a bipolar field effect persisting up to 85% of the critical temperature and in the presence of magnetic fields.
  • Confirmed similar behavior in aluminum thin-film field-effect transistors.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes field-effect control over supercurrent in metallic superconductors.
  • A phenomenological theory suggests an electric-field-induced perturbation affecting the pairing potential.
  • These findings are crucial for developing all-metallic superconducting field-effect electronics and quantum computing architectures.