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Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
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The Complement System of Agnathans.

Misao Matsushita1

  • 1Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lamprey possess a unique complement system, distinct from jawed vertebrates, featuring a novel classical pathway and a separate cytolytic system. This suggests an independent evolutionary development of innate immunity in jawless fish.

Keywords:
C1qagnathanscomplementlampreyvariable lymphocyte receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Agnathans (jawless fish) lack immunoglobulins found in jawed vertebrates but possess alternative adaptive immunity using variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs).
  • The complement system aids pathogen elimination in vertebrates, typically via classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, culminating in a lytic pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complement activation pathways and cytolytic mechanisms in agnathans, specifically lamprey.
  • To compare the agnathan complement system with that of jawed vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and functional analysis of complement components in lamprey.
  • Investigation of lamprey C1q (LC1q) function and its interaction with VLRB and complement factors.
  • Characterization of the lamprey pore-forming protein (LPFP) involved in cytolysis.

Main Results:

  • Lamprey possess complement components like C3, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP), and factor B, but lack identified lytic pathway components.
  • Lamprey C1q (LC1q) functions as a lectin, activating C3 via the lectin pathway with MASP.
  • LC1q may activate C3 in complex with VLRB and antigens, potentially leading to cytolysis mediated by the newly identified lamprey pore-forming protein (LPFP).

Conclusions:

  • Lamprey exhibit a complement activation pathway resembling the classical pathway and a distinct cytolytic system.
  • The agnathan complement system appears unique and may have evolved independently from that of jawed vertebrates.