Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

593
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
593
Graphical Representation of Inequalities01:28

Graphical Representation of Inequalities

221
The graph of the equation where y equals x squared forms a curve known as a parabola. This curve acts as a boundary in the coordinate plane, dividing it into distinct regions based on the relative position of points.When the equality sign in the equation is replaced with an inequality—such as greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to—the graphical representation changes from a single curve into a broader shaded area that signifies the set of all...
221
Control Volume and System Representations01:16

Control Volume and System Representations

1.6K
Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface.  For instance, in the case of water...
1.6K
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

11.8K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
11.8K
Vector Representation of Complex Numbers01:16

Vector Representation of Complex Numbers

553
Complex numbers, represented in Cartesian coordinates, can also be visualized as vectors. These vectors can be expressed in polar form, emphasizing their magnitude and angle. When a complex number is input into a function, the output is another complex number, highlighting the function's zero point from which the vector representation can originate.
Consider a function defined as the product of the complex factors in the numerator divided by the product of the complex factors in the...
553
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

988
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
988

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Internal state dynamically gates task-specific attractor dynamics in prefrontal cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Decomposing the modulation of interactions between neuronal populations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Functional organization of dendritic spines in mouse visual cortex layer 2/3 neurons.

iScience·2026
Same author

Attitudes towards conceptual and philosophical issues in psychiatry and psychiatric education: A survey of US and UK trainees.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

CHARIOT-AAV: Conjugation of diverse vectors to adeno-associated viruses for delivery of large genes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Early differential impact of MeCP2 mutations on functional networks in Rett syndrome patient-derived human cortical organoids.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
09:43

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

Published on: August 10, 2014

47.0K

Task-dependent representations of stimulus and choice in mouse parietal cortex.

Gerald N Pho1,2,3, Michael J Goard1,2,4,5, Jonathan Woodson1,2

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Nature Communications
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is task-dependent, reflecting animal choices more than visual stimuli. This suggests PPC

More Related Videos

The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System
07:55

The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System

Published on: April 14, 2021

4.5K
A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
09:43

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

Published on: August 10, 2014

47.0K
The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System
07:55

The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System

Published on: April 14, 2021

4.5K
A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is involved in perceptual decisions.
  • Its precise role in sensory processing versus sensorimotor transformation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of PPC neurons during a visual discrimination task.
  • To determine if PPC signals represent sensory input or behavioral choices.

Main Methods:

  • Mice performed a go/no-go visual discrimination task.
  • Neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) and PPC was imaged.
  • Mice were retrained with reversed sensorimotor contingencies to assess signal changes.

Main Results:

  • V1 neurons responded to stimuli during both task engagement and passive viewing.
  • Most PPC neurons were active exclusively during task engagement.
  • Post-retraining, PPC neurons reflected the animal's updated choice, not the original stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse PPC is highly task-dependent.
  • PPC signals primarily encode behavioral choice over sensory input.
  • PPC may be crucial for transforming visual information into motor commands.