Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

628
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
628
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.6K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.6K
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

1.4K
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
1.4K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

15.5K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
15.5K
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

313
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
313
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

2.5K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the ESC: Part 1-Exercise imaging.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the ESC: Part 1-Exercise imaging.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026
Same author

Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Mechanics in Resistant Hypertension-The Role of Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Left and right ventricular strain-volume/area loops: an evaluation of intra-observer, inter-observer, and test-retest reliability.

European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice·2026
Same author

Phenotyping the Structure and Function of the Heart of Elite Sailors: Implications for Pre-Participation Cardiac Screening.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

QRS fragmentation on the 12-lead electrocardiogram and its association to physiological cardiac adaptation in elite cyclists.

International journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

Pain Sensitivity, Psychological Factors, and Muscle Function in Male Athletes With Long-Standing Groin Pain and Matched Controls.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same journal

Scientific Utility of Emerging Indicators in Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Severity/Risk Assessment.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same journal

Effects of Continuous and Cluster-Set Configurations Performed to Failure on Performance and Physiological Responses in the Bench Press and Half Squat.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional Influences Between Psychophysiological State and Performance in Olympic Shooting: The Role of Attention and Autonomic Function.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Velocity Loss During Resistance Training: Implications for Concurrent Training Adaptations".

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same journal

Sit-To-Stand Breaks to Optimize Cardiometabolic Health Effects Following Exercise in Sedentary Adults With Dyslipidaemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

1.4K

Left ventricular function during exercise in trained pre-adolescent soccer players.

Viswanath B Unnithan1, Thomas W Rowland1, Keith George2

  • 1Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Youth soccer players exhibit superior aerobic fitness due to enhanced cardiovascular function. Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume during exercise contribute to their higher peak VO2.

Keywords:
cardiac strainexercisetissue-doppler imagingyouth soccer

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.7K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

1.4K
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.7K
A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches
10:34

A Swimming-Induced Zebrafish Exercise Apparatus for Versatile Training Approaches

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Pediatric exercise science
  • Sports medicine

Background:

  • Youth soccer players display exceptional aerobic capacity, but the underlying cardiovascular mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing training and performance in young athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global and regional systolic and diastolic cardiac function in pre-adolescent soccer players during incremental exercise.
  • To identify cardiovascular adaptations contributing to the enhanced aerobic fitness in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography (M-mode, Tissue-Doppler, speckle tracking) and Doppler ultrasound were used to assess cardiac dimensions and function.
  • A cycle ergometer test to exhaustion was performed by soccer players (SP) and recreationally active controls (CON).
  • Measurements included peak VO2, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume index (SVIndex), cardiac output index (QIndex), and markers of systolic (S'adj) and diastolic (E, E'adj, E/E') function.

Main Results:

  • Soccer players (SP) showed significantly higher peak VO2 compared to controls (CON).
  • SP had a larger allometrically scaled LVEDV and demonstrated greater SVIndex, QIndex, and E at submaximal exercise intensities.
  • No significant differences were found in peak longitudinal strain (ε) during submaximal exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Superior aerobic fitness in youth soccer players is associated with augmented preload and increased left ventricular volume.
  • These cardiac adaptations, including enhanced stroke volume, play a key role in their elevated exercise capacity.