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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Histone Modification

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 13, 2022

Multifunctional modification of linen fabric using chitosan-based formulations.

Javed Sheikh¹, Indrajit Bramhecha¹

¹Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), Delhi, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|July 4, 2018

Summary

This study developed multifunctional linen fabrics with chitosan treatments, achieving wrinkle-free, antibacterial, flame-retardant, and antioxidant properties. These enhanced properties demonstrated good durability, lasting through 20 washes.

Keywords:

Antibacterial properties Antioxidant Chitosan Crease recovery Flame retardant Linen

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Textile Engineering

Background:

Chitosan is a versatile biopolymer for functionalizing cellulose-based textiles.
Developing textiles with multiple performance characteristics is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To impart wrinkle-free, antibacterial, flame-retardant, and antioxidant properties to linen fabric.
To evaluate the multifunctional performance and durability of the treated linen fabric.

Main Methods:

Two-stage finishing of linen fabric using chitosan-citric acid and phytic acid-thiourea.
Characterization via FTIR, TGA, SEM, and EDX analysis.
Evaluation of textile and functional properties, including durability up to 20 washes.

Main Results:

The finished linen fabric exhibited significant improvements in wrinkle resistance, antibacterial activity, flame retardancy, and antioxidant capacity.
Characterization confirmed successful modification and the presence of functional groups.
Functional properties were retained to a moderate extent after 20 wash cycles.

Conclusions:

The chitosan-based finishing effectively created multifunctional linen fabrics.
The developed process offers a promising route for high-performance textile applications.
The treated fabrics show potential for durable, value-added textile products.