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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
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Related Experiment Video

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Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
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Radiation Pneumonitis: Old Problem, New Tricks.

Varsha Jain1, Abigail T Berman2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. varsha.jain@uphs.upenn.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores factors causing radiation pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. It discusses strategies to reduce this toxicity, improving lung cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
lung cancerradiation pneumonitisradiation therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Radiation pneumonitis is a significant dose-limiting toxicity, impacting treatment efficacy.
  • Understanding factors contributing to radiation pneumonitis is crucial for improving therapeutic ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patient and treatment-related factors associated with radiation pneumonitis development.
  • To discuss current research on mitigating radiation pneumonitis incidence.
  • To explore novel targeted interventions for radiation-induced lung injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC.
  • Analysis of patient-specific and treatment-related risk factors.
  • Examination of emerging research on lung ventilation, biomarkers, and complication models.

Main Results:

  • Identified key patient and treatment variables influencing radiation pneumonitis risk.
  • Highlighted the potential of lung ventilation data and imaging biomarkers.
  • Discussed the role of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models in predicting risk.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing radiation pneumonitis is essential for optimizing NSCLC radiotherapy.
  • Integrating advanced imaging, ventilation data, and predictive models can minimize lung toxicity.
  • Targeted molecular interventions show promise for preventing or treating radiation pneumonitis.