Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

14.1K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
14.1K
Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

3.3K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
3.3K
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

2.8K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
2.8K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

109.1K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
109.1K
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

5.4K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
5.4K
Electric Potential and Potential Difference01:16

Electric Potential and Potential Difference

5.7K
Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility of surface-guided radiotherapy for detecting patient instability during prostate radiotherapy.

Radiation oncology journal·2026
Same author

Photosynthetic production of glutamine through metabolic analysis-based engineering of <i>Picosynechococcus</i> sp. PCC 7002.

Metabolic engineering communications·2026
Same author

Correction to: Efficacy and Safety of Oral Meclizine for Growth Promotion in Children with Achondroplasia: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.

Calcified tissue international·2026
Same author

Association between postnatal anthropometric growth by term and high-performing neurodevelopment at age 3 years in extremely preterm infants.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Preliminary evaluation of a reduced-item version of the frontal assessment battery in patients with subacute stroke.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult·2026
Same author

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Ossification Findings That Rapidly Progressed and Improved During the Course of COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Respirology case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells
06:28

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells

Published on: July 28, 2023

855

Reliability, validity, and sex differences in a quantitative gag reflex measurement method.

Hiroyuki Karibe1, Ayuko Okamoto1, Yuichi Kato1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|July 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new quantitative method reliably measures gag reflex tolerance using insertion depth. This validated technique shows excellent reliability and is suitable for clinical and lab use, regardless of participant sex.

Keywords:
dental anxietydental impression techniquegalvanic skin responseheart ratepharyngeal reflexsex differences

More Related Videos

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
08:32

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia

Published on: October 25, 2016

13.9K
Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice
05:38

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells
06:28

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells

Published on: July 28, 2023

855
Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
08:32

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia

Published on: October 25, 2016

13.9K
Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice
05:38

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • The gag reflex is a critical factor in managing oral procedures.
  • A standardized, reliable method for assessing gag reflex tolerance is needed for clinical practice and research.
  • Existing methods lack consistent reliability and objective validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the inter- and intra-examiner reliability and validity of a novel quantitative gag reflex measurement method.
  • To evaluate potential sex-based differences in gag reflex measurement.
  • To assess autonomic responses (galvanic skin response and heart rate) during gag reflex assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative method using a standard saliva ejector to determine maximum gag reflex tolerance (insertion depth) was developed.
  • Twenty-one healthy adults (10 women, 11 men) participated.
  • Measurements were taken by two examiners across multiple sessions, with galvanic skin response (GSR) and heart rate (HR) recorded to assess validity.

Main Results:

  • The method demonstrated excellent inter-examiner reliability (ICC=0.91) and intra-examiner reliability (ICC=0.93).
  • Significant increases in GSR and HR confirmed autonomic reactivity to the gag reflex stimulus (P < 0.001).
  • No significant differences in gag reflex measurements were found based on sex or measurement session.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantitative method offers excellent reliability and validity for assessing gag reflex.
  • The method is objective, reproducible, and unaffected by participant sex, making it suitable for diverse applications.
  • This validated approach can be effectively utilized in both clinical settings and laboratory research for gag reflex management.