Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management
Published on: November 30, 2022
Water balance in pediatric nephrology: construction of a Standard Operating Procedure
Priscila Pereira de Souza Gomes1, Francisca Elisângela Teixeira Lima1, Patrícia Rebouças Araújo2
1Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Objective:
To construct a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) about the water balance, to be used by the health team in the care of children hospitalized in a pediatric nephrology unit.
Method:
The study was carried out in two stages: integrative review of the literature for the development of SOP and validation by specialists. The search for literature occurred in the electronic databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, LILACS, BDENF. After the bibliographic survey the construction of the SOP was performed, which was evaluated by specialists. The analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI).
Results:
nine studies were selected as results of the integrative review. The sample of specialists was composed of nine professionals. The study was evaluated in six items, five of which presented CVI = 1 and one obtained CVI = 0.77.
Conclusion:
the evaluation of specialists culminated in the validation of SOP, suggesting changes that were accepted and discussed with the literature.
Related Concept Videos
Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
Balancing Redox Equations
Standard Electrode Potentials
Equilibrium and Balance
Energy Balance
States of Water
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...

