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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
10:05

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins

Published on: August 8, 2014

Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor in human plasma.

T Suda, N Tomori, F Yajima

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |November 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Plasma immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (I-CRF) levels, influenced by stress and circadian rhythms, vary in endocrine disorders. Most I-CRF originates from the hypothalamus, but other sources may contribute.

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    Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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    Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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    Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

    Published on: June 16, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
    • Plasma levels of immunoreactive CRF (I-CRF) provide insights into HPA axis activity and potential sources of CRF.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure basal plasma I-CRF levels in normal subjects and patients with various endocrine conditions.
    • To investigate the influence of stress, negative feedback, and circadian rhythm on plasma I-CRF levels.
    • To determine the primary origin of plasma I-CRF.

    Main Methods:

    • Human CRF radioimmunoassay (RIA) was employed.
    • Immunoaffinity procedures were utilized for sample preparation.
    • Plasma I-CRF levels were quantified in healthy individuals and patients with specific endocrine diseases.

    Main Results:

    • Basal plasma I-CRF in normal subjects was 6 +/- 0.5 pg/ml.
    • Elevated I-CRF levels were observed in Addison's disease, Nelson's syndrome, pituitary macroadenoma-related hypopituitarism, and CRF/ACTH-producing tumors.
    • Low I-CRF levels were detected in Cushing's syndrome, corticosteroid-treated patients, and hypothalamic hypopituitarism.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma I-CRF levels are significantly affected by stress, negative feedback, and circadian rhythms.
    • The hypothalamus is suggested as the major source of plasma I-CRF.
    • Extrahypothalamic tissues may represent a minor source of circulating I-CRF.