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Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
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System of Memory01:23

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Measuring shared knowledge with group false memory.

Yoshiko Arima1, Ryoji Yukihiro2, Yosuke Hattori2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo-ootani, Sogabecho, Kameoka, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan. arima@arimalab.com.

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Group collaboration and consistent word lists significantly increase false memory. This research on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm highlights how collective recall and list structure impact memory accuracy.

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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • False memories, or recollections of events that did not occur, are a significant area of study in cognitive psychology.
  • The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is a widely used paradigm to investigate the mechanisms underlying false memory.
  • Group dynamics and information presentation can influence memory recall and the formation of false memories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of word list consistency on false memory formation.
  • To examine the effect of group collaboration on false memory.
  • To explore the interplay between list consistency, group collaboration, and false memory.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using the DRM paradigm.
  • Experiment 1 involved 121 participants in a between-subject design with consistent or randomized word lists, assessing group collaboration effects.
  • Experiment 2 (n=119) utilized an applied within-subject design to confirm Experiment 1 findings, with additional analysis using an individual differences Euclidean distance model.

Main Results:

  • False responses were more prevalent than error responses, particularly with consistent word lists (p < 0.001).
  • Group collaboration significantly increased false recognition across both word list conditions (p < 0.001).
  • Euclidean distance model analysis indicated distinct shared cognitive dimensions in group false memory.

Conclusions:

  • Both word list consistency and group collaboration are significant factors in the generation of false memories.
  • Group collaboration amplifies false recognition, suggesting social influence plays a critical role.
  • Individual differences in cognitive dimensions contribute to understanding group false memory dynamics.