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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike Lanius Ludovicianus Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern
Published on: March 8, 2020
MC1R polymorphism associated with plumage color variations in Coturnix chinensis
R M Araguas1, N Sanz1, J Viñas1
1Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Abstract:
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene was investigated as a candidate for plumage variations in Chinese painted quail, Coturnix chinensis. Four silent and two missense nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The correspondent amino acid changes, p.Glu92Lys and p.Pro292Leu, were found in Blue Face and Red Breasted animals respectively. Blue Face is a melanic phenotype similar to the co-dominant Extended Brown of Japanese quail, and both share the p.Glu92Lys mutation. The association of p.Pro292Leu with the recessive Red Breasted was confirmed in 23 animals from an experimental F2 cross.
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