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Are Manipulation Checks Necessary?

David J Hauser¹, Phoebe C Ellsworth², Richard Gonzalez²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology

|July 7, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Manipulation checks, often verbal, can alter experimental results by introducing new processes. Researchers should critically evaluate their use and explore alternative methods like behavioral measures and pilot testing.

Keywords:

emotion experimental methods manipulation checks mediation research design

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Research Methodology

Background:

Manipulation checks are commonly used in research to verify experimental manipulations.
However, traditional verbal manipulation checks may introduce unintended effects.
Their routine use is prevalent in prestigious journals.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the impact of manipulation checks on experimental outcomes.
To highlight potential problems associated with standard manipulation check procedures.
To propose alternative methods for assessing manipulation effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of manipulation checks as both measures and interventions.
Discussion of potential order effects and confounding variables.
Exploration of alternative methodologies.

Main Results:

Manipulation checks, particularly verbal ones, can act as interventions, altering experimental results.
The assumption that manipulation checks are inert is unwarranted; they can amplify, undo, or interact with manipulation effects.
Manipulation checks in mediational analyses do not eliminate confounding variables.

Conclusions:

Standard manipulation checks can compromise experimental validity.
Alternative methods like non-verbal/behavioral measures and pilot testing are less problematic.
Researchers and reviewers should adopt a more critical stance towards manipulation checks.