5-fluorouracil and cardiotoxicity: a review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cardiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone chemotherapy for solid tumors.
• 5-FU is the third most used chemotherapeutic agent globally.
• Balancing chemotherapy benefits against toxicity is critical for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence and risk factors of 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity.
• To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of 5-FU cardiotoxicity.
• To highlight potential management strategies for this adverse effect.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on 5-FU cardiotoxicity.
• Analysis of reported cases and clinical data.
• Synthesis of information on incidence, risk factors, mechanisms, and management.

Main Results:

• 5-FU is the second most common cause of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
• Cardiotoxicity can manifest as chest pain, myocardial infarction, or death.
• Clinician awareness of 5-FU cardiotoxicity is often limited.

Conclusions:

• 5-FU-related cardiotoxicity is a significant clinical entity.
• Understanding risk factors and mechanisms is crucial for prevention and management.
• Further research and clinical awareness are needed to address this issue.