Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

957
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
957
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

1.1K
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
1.1K
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

297
To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
297
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

11.0K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.0K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.8K
Power Factor Correction01:20

Power Factor Correction

545
The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
545

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cutaneous ureterostomy versus ileal conduit as urinary diversion in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: A comparative analysis of high-risk cases.

Urologia·2026
Same author

Cost-utility analysis of retinopathy of prematurity screening strategies of universal referral, RetCam telemedicine, and direct examination in Iran: a markov model approach.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Charcoal localization of metastatic axillary lymphadenopathy in breast cancer patients: concordance with sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)·2026
Same author

Cataract-LMM Large-Scale Multi-Source Multi-Task Benchmark for Deep Learning in Surgical Video Analysis.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Examining supplier-induced demand under regulated fees: dynamic panel evidence from Iran.

Health policy and planning·2026
Same author

The History of Trachoma in Iran.

Journal of current ophthalmology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K

Refractive surgery: the most cost-saving technique in refractive errors correction.

Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi1, Cyrus Alinia2, Maryam Tavakkoli3,4

  • 1Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran.

International Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Refractive surgery is significantly more cost-effective than spectacles or contact lenses for correcting vision errors. This study highlights the substantial economic burden of refractive errors in Iran, with surgery offering future cost reductions.

Keywords:
contact lenseseconomic burdenrefractive errorrefractive surgeryspectacle

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics
09:54

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Published on: September 10, 2018

8.0K
Ye's Swing Technique for Small-incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery
04:15

Ye's Swing Technique for Small-incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery

Published on: June 27, 2025

368

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K
Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics
09:54

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Published on: September 10, 2018

8.0K
Ye's Swing Technique for Small-incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery
04:15

Ye's Swing Technique for Small-incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery

Published on: June 27, 2025

368

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Refractive errors represent a significant public health concern globally.
  • The economic burden associated with correcting refractive errors through various methods is substantial and requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the lifetime and annual economic burden of spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery for refractive error correction.
  • To estimate the overall economic impact of refractive errors in the Iranian population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 120 patients interviewed in a tertiary referral hospital.
  • A bottom-up cost of illness approach was used to assess direct and indirect costs associated with different correction methods.

Main Results:

  • Spectacles incurred the highest annual (US$342.5) and lifetime (US$9373.5) direct costs per patient.
  • Contact lenses were less costly annually (US$198.3) and over a lifetime (US$5203.1) compared to spectacles.
  • Refractive surgery demonstrated the lowest annual (US$19.1) and lifetime (US$568.1) direct costs.
  • Astigmatism represented the largest economic burden among refractive errors, with a lifetime direct cost nearing US$5.49 billion.

Conclusions:

  • Refractive surgery is significantly more cost-effective over a lifetime compared to spectacles and contact lenses.
  • Refractive errors impose a considerable economic burden on the Iranian population.
  • Adoption of refractive surgery can mitigate future economic losses associated with refractive error correction.