Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...

The Wave Nature of Light

The Wave Nature of Light

The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.

Positive Regulator Molecules

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Simultaneous single-cell sequencing of RNA and DNA at scale with DEFND-seq.

Nature reviews. Genetics·2025

Same author

Scalable co-sequencing of RNA and DNA from individual nuclei.

Nature methods·2025

Same author

Scalable co-sequencing of RNA and DNA from individual nuclei.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023

Same author

Microfluidic isolation of aptamers with affinity towards multiple myeloma monoclonal immunoglobulins.

Biomedical microdevices·2022

Same author

Vertical growth pattern as a determinant of mandibular asymmetry.

Pakistan journal of medical sciences·2022

Same author

A Causality-guided Statistical Approach for Modeling Extreme Mei-yu Rainfall Based on Known Large-scale Modes-A Pilot Study.

Advances in atmospheric sciences·2022

Same journal

ABO gene polymorphisms: a molecular bridge linking disease susceptibility to therapeutic outcomes.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same journal

Lightweight deep learning framework for intracranial hemorrhage detection in brain CT scans.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same journal

Medical education in low- and middle-income countries must be innovated without neglecting its foundational principles.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same journal

Development and internal validation of a nomogram for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with early-onset preeclampsia.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same journal

Effectiveness of digital personalized nursing pathway on postoperative rehabilitation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same journal

Increased severity and relapse rate in adult anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody positive myositis patients with distal limb weakness: a retrospective study in China.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: February 22, 2017

Peak MSC-Are We There Yet?

Timothy R Olsen¹, Kelvin S Ng¹, Lye T Lock¹

¹RoosterBio, Inc. Frederick, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine

|July 7, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are vital for regenerative medicine, but their limited supply challenges widespread use. Advancements in biomanufacturing promise abundant, high-quality hMSCs for future medical breakthroughs.

Keywords:

bioprocessing cell manufacturing cell therapy mesenchymal stem cell regenerative medicine stem cell

More Related Videos

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Published on: September 20, 2020

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: March 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

MitoCeption: Transferring Isolated Human MSC Mitochondria to Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: February 22, 2017

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Published on: September 20, 2020

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: March 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biotechnology
Cell Therapy

Background:

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are essential for regenerative medicine, powering cell-based therapies and engineered tissues.
Their therapeutic potential and safety, proven in over 800 clinical trials, drive significant demand.
Current hMSC supply limitations pose a challenge to meeting the needs of large patient populations and complex tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical role of hMSCs in advancing regenerative medicine.
To identify the challenges in meeting the growing demand for pharmaceutical-grade hMSCs.
To emphasize the necessity of biomanufacturing advancements for future hMSC availability.

Main Methods:

The abstract discusses the current state and future projections of hMSC production and application.
It draws parallels between hMSC manufacturing and technological advancements like transistors, emphasizing control and consistency.
The text analyzes market demand based on typical cell dosages for therapies and tissue engineering.

Main Results:

An unprecedented demand for hMSCs has been created due to their therapeutic applications.
Limited availability of pharmaceutical-grade hMSCs presents a significant biomanufacturing challenge.
Optimized manufacturing processes are predicted to lead to an abundant supply of standardized, economical hMSCs.

Conclusions:

hMSCs are a critical raw material for regenerative medicine, with immense future potential.
Rapid advancements in hMSC biomanufacturing are crucial to meet escalating industry demand.
The future vision, termed "Peak MSC," anticipates widespread access to high-quality, off-the-shelf hMSCs for research and product development.