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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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MicroRNA in Sjögren's Syndrome: Their Potential Roles in Pathogenesis and Diagnosis.

M Reale1, C D'Angelo1, E Costantini1

  • 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

Journal of Immunology Research
|July 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting exocrine glands, causing dry eyes and mouth. This review explores the role of microRNAs in SS pathogenesis, highlighting their potential implications in autoimmunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sjögren's syndrome (SS), also known as sicca syndrome, is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and dysfunction of exocrine glands, primarily salivary and lacrimal glands.
  • The etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and epigenetic factors.
  • While T cells were initially thought to be the primary drivers, B cells play multifaceted roles, and autoantibodies are crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • To clarify the complex involvement of microRNAs in the autoimmune processes underlying SS.
  • To highlight the need for further research into microRNA's implications in SS etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data synthesis.
  • Analysis of existing studies on microRNA and autoimmunity.
  • Focus on microRNA's role in Sjögren's syndrome etiopathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are increasingly recognized for their involvement in autoimmune diseases.
  • Limited studies currently exist on microRNA participation specifically in Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully understand microRNA's contribution to SS.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent a promising area of research for understanding Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Elucidating the role of microRNAs could offer new insights into SS pathogenesis.
  • Future research should focus on the specific mechanisms by which microRNAs influence SS development.