Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

21.8K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
21.8K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.5K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.5K
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

50.2K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
50.2K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.2K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.2K
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.8K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
16.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multiomics analysis of primary metabolism reveals the genetic basis of nitrogen partitioning modulated by ZmAVT1A-1 in maize.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Cereal protein biofortification at the interface of nutrition, yield and sustainability.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Integrating Preoperative Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry and Inflammatory Markers to Predict Postoperative Complications and Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Journal of inflammation research·2026
Same author

A combined immune-nutritional score as a prognostic indicator in neoadjuvant-treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Optimizing thiamine pyrophosphate metabolism enhances crop yield and quality.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Decades' progress and prospects on maize functional genomics and molecular breeding.

Science China. Life sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging
06:11

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

4.2K

Maize opaque mutants are no longer so opaque.

Shanshan Zhang1, Junpeng Zhan1, Ramin Yadegari2

  • 1School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.

Plant Reproduction
|July 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Maize opaque endosperm mutants reveal valuable agronomic traits. Understanding these mutants aids in improving kernel nutritional quality and texture for breeding programs.

Keywords:
EndospermGene regulatory networkMaizeOpaqueSeed storage proteins

More Related Videos

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

14.4K
Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging
06:11

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

4.2K
Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

14.4K
Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
08:38

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • The endosperm, a seed organ in angiosperms, stores nutrients essential for embryo development and germination.
  • Cereal endosperm serves as a primary source of human nutrition and industrial materials.
  • Maize opaque endosperm mutants display characteristic floury kernels and altered seed phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic and molecular basis of the opaque endosperm phenotype in maize.
  • To identify genes responsible for opaque endosperm and their roles in kernel development and composition.
  • To explore the potential of opaque endosperm mutants for improving maize nutritional quality and agronomic traits.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and characterization of genes underlying opaque endosperm mutants.
  • Analysis of protein bodies, metabolic enzymes, and transcriptional regulators in mutant endosperm.
  • Phenotypic evaluation of kernel texture, nutritional content (e.g., lysine), and other agronomic traits.

Main Results:

  • Numerous genes responsible for opaque endosperm have been identified.
  • Mutations affect genes encoding zein and non-zein proteins, metabolic enzymes, and regulatory proteins.
  • Opaque endosperm mutants can exhibit desirable traits like increased lysine content and softer kernel texture.

Conclusions:

  • The opaque endosperm phenotype in maize is genetically diverse, involving disruptions in various functional categories.
  • Characterizing these mutants provides insight into the molecular mechanisms governing endosperm development and storage compound synthesis.
  • Opaque endosperm mutants hold significant potential for crop improvement, particularly in enhancing nutritional value and breeding desirable kernel characteristics.