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Cytogenetic Profiles of 472 Indian Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Anudishi Tyagi1, Raja Pramanik1, Shilpi Chaudhary1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|July 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) show significant differences in outcomes. Indian pediatric AML patients exhibit a higher frequency of t(8;21) and chloroma compared to global data.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a significant pediatric cancer.
  • Understanding cytogenetic abnormalities is crucial for prognosis and treatment stratification in pediatric AML.
  • Previous studies have established general patterns of chromosomal abnormalities in AML.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cytogenetic abnormalities in a large cohort of pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients.
  • To correlate cytogenetic profiles with clinical outcomes.
  • To identify unique patterns in Indian pediatric AML patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of case records from a tertiary care hospital.
  • Analysis of cytogenetic profiles from 472 eligible de novo pediatric AML patients (non-M3).
  • Statistical analysis to compare outcomes across European LeukemiaNet (ELN) cytogenetic risk groups.

Main Results:

  • The most common abnormalities were t(8;21) (29.8%), loss of Y chromosome (12.9%), and trisomy 8 (8.3%).
  • Significant differences in gum hypertrophy, chloromas, and complete remission rates were observed between ELN risk groups.
  • Event-free survival and overall survival were significantly different across the three cytogenetic risk groups (P<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Cytogenetic risk groups significantly impact survival outcomes in pediatric AML.
  • Indian pediatric AML patients show a higher frequency of t(8;21) and an association with chloroma, differing from international findings.
  • These findings highlight the importance of regional variations in cytogenetic profiles and their clinical implications.
Abstract

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