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Accessing Quark Helicity through Dihadron Studies.

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We propose a new method to study helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation functions (DiFF) in electron-positron annihilation. This approach explains previous null results and enables measurement of DiFFs in both e+e- and deep inelastic scattering experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Hadron Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation functions (DiFF) probe quark polarization and hadron pair production.
  • Previous experimental searches for DiFFs in e+e- annihilation by the BELLE Collaboration yielded no signal.
  • Recalculations of the relevant cross-section explain the absence of a detectable signal in prior experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for accessing helicity-dependent DiFFs in e+e- annihilation.
  • To explain the null results from previous BELLE Collaboration experiments.
  • To enable the study of DiFF universality by proposing a complementary measurement in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.

Main Methods:

  • A new weighting scheme for azimuthal asymmetry in e+e- annihilation, incorporating the virtual photon's transverse momentum squared and angular differences.
  • Integration over the virtual photon's transverse momentum to achieve collinear factorization of DiFFs.
  • Proposal of a similar weighting method for two-hadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method in e+e- annihilation leads to a non-zero collinear expression containing Fourier moments of helicity-dependent DiFFs.
  • The semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering measurement results in a collinear factorized asymmetry.
  • This asymmetry includes the quark helicity parton distribution function and the helicity-dependent DiFF.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method provides a viable pathway to experimentally measure helicity-dependent DiFFs.
  • The study explains past experimental challenges and offers a solution.
  • The universality of DiFFs can be tested by comparing results from e+e- annihilation and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.